The Mandjou writing comes from the Mongol writing used since 1599. A system of signs used after 1632 turned it to a more rational form. In its actual form is a syllabic writing being formed by12 group of signs. The first group is composed by open syllables (vowel or consonants, more vowels). The other 12 groups has as base the first group, which they join the sounds i, r, ng, s, t, p, o, l, e, m.